Enhanced spatial resolution of commercial soft X-ray CCD detectors by single-photon centroid reconstruction

@article{ ISI:000470063800032,
Author = {Amorese, A. and Langini, C. and Dellea, G. and Kummer, K. and Brookes,
   N. B. and Braicovich, L. and Ghiringhelli, G.},
Title = {{Enhanced spatial resolution of commercial soft X-ray CCD detectors by
   single-photon centroid reconstruction}},
Journal = {{NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION
   A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{935}},
Pages = {{222-226}},
Month = {{AUG 11}},
Abstract = {{In many back-illuminated Charge Coupled Device (CCD) detectors the
   electrons liberated by the absorption of one X-ray photon quickly spread
   and generate charge-spots larger than the pixel dimensions. Such
   detectors are considered here. In the soft X-ray range this phenomenon
   drastically limits the effective spatial resolution to approximately 25
   mu m, irrespective of the pixel's lateral size. For very low flux the
   charge-cloud centroid determination can be used, on each individual
   spot, to estimate the actual photon impact position with sub-pixel
   precision. The readout noise and speed, together with the charge and
   spatial undersampling, are the main factors limiting the accuracy of
   this procedure in commercial devices. We have experimentally measured a
   position uncertainty better than 7 mu m and 10 mu m for 13.5 mu m and
   20.0 mu m pixel sizes respectively, around 1 keV photon energy using
   centroiding algorithms. This study was motivated by the need of high
   resolution detectors in resonant inelastic (soft) X-ray scattering
   (RIXS).}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ghiringhelli, G (Corresponding Author), Politecn Milan, CNR, SPIN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
   Ghiringhelli, G (Corresponding Author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
   Amorese, A.; Langini, C.; Dellea, G.; Braicovich, L.; Ghiringhelli, G., Politecn Milan, CNR, SPIN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
   Amorese, A.; Langini, C.; Dellea, G.; Braicovich, L.; Ghiringhelli, G., Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
   Amorese, A.; Kummer, K.; Brookes, N. B., European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, 71 Ave Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.nima.2019.03.010}},
ISSN = {{0168-9002}},
EISSN = {{1872-9576}},
Keywords = {{Charge Coupled Device; Soft X-ray; Spatial resolution}},
Keywords-Plus = {{RIXS}},
Research-Areas = {{Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields}},
Author-Email = {{giacomo.ghiringhelli@polimi.it}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ghiringhelli, Giacomo/D-1159-2014
   Amorese, Andrea/AAA-7510-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Ghiringhelli, Giacomo/0000-0003-0867-7748
   Amorese, Andrea/0000-0003-0271-0543}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{PIK project ``POLARIX'' of Italian Ministry of Research (MIUR)}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank the ID32 team of ESRF for providing one
   of the ROPER detectors. In particular, we are very grateful to Flora
   Yakhou-Harris and Andrea Fondacaro for the technical support during the
   tests on the ERIXS spectrometer. We also would like to acknowledge the
   collaboration of Michele Conni and Yinying Peng from Politecnico di
   Milano. Part of this work was financed by the PIK project ``POLARIX'' of
   Italian Ministry of Research (MIUR). N.B.B. would like to thanks Diamond
   Light Source, UK for hosting him during the final refereeing stage of
   this paper.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
Journal-ISO = {{Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
   Equip.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{IB1YR}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000470063800032}},
DA = {{2020-12-22}},
}