Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer

@article{ ISI:000394978100001,
Author = {Vaque, Dolors and Boras, Julia A. and Torrent-Llagostera, Francesc and
   Agusti, Susana and Arrieta, Jesus M. and Lara, Elena and Castillo, Yaiza
   M. and Duarte, Carlos M. and Sala, Maria M.},
Title = {{Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the
   Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer}},
Journal = {{FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{8}},
Month = {{MAR 2}},
Abstract = {{During the Austral summer 2009 we studied three areas surrounding the
   Antarctic Peninsula: the Bellingshausen Sea, the Bransfield Strait and
   the Weddell Sea. We aimed to investigate, whether viruses or protists
   were the main agents inducing prokaryotic mortality rates, and the
   sensitivity to temperature of prokaryotic heterotrophic production and
   mortality based on the activation energy (Ea) for each process. Seawater
   samples were taken at seven depths (0.1-100 m) to quantify viruses,
   prokaryotes and protists abundances, and heterotrophic prokaryotic
   production (PHP). Viral lytic production, lysogeny, and mortality rates
   of prokaryotes due to viruses and protists were estimated at surface
   (0.1-1 m) and at the Deep Fluorescence Maximum (DFM, 12-55 m) at eight
   representative stations of the three areas. The average viral lytic
   production ranged from 1.0 +/- 0.3 x 10(7) viruses ml(-1) d(-1) in the
   Bellingshausen Sea to1.3 +/- 0.7 x 10(7) viruses ml(-1) d(-1) in the
   Bransfield Strait, while lysogeny, when detectable, recorded the lowest
   value in the Bellingshausen Sea (0.05 +/- 0.05 x 10(7) viruses ml(-1)
   d(-1)) and the highest in the Weddell Sea (4.3 +/- 3.5 x 10(7) viruses
   ml(-1) d(-1)). Average mortality rates due to viruses ranged from 9.7
   +/- 6.1 x 10(4) cells ml(-1) d(-1) in the Weddell Sea to 14.3 +/- 4.0 x
   10(4) cells ml(-1) d(-1) in the Bellingshausen Sea, and were higher than
   averaged grazing rates in the Weddell Sea (5.9 +/- 1.1 x 10(4) cells
   ml(-1) d(-1)) and in the Bellingshausen Sea (6.8 +/- 0.9 x 10(4) cells
   ml-1 d(-1)). The highest impact on prokaryotes by viruses and main
   differences between viral and protists activities were observed in
   surface samples: 17.8 +/- 6.8 x 10(4) cells ml(-1) d(-1) and 6.5 +/- 3.9
   x 10(4) cells ml(-1) d(-1) in the Weddell Sea; 22.1 +/- 9.6 x 10(4)
   cells ml(-1) d(-1) and 11.6 +/- 1.4 x 10(4) cells ml(-1) d(-1) in the
   Bransfield Strait; and 16.1 +/- 5.7 x 10(4) cells ml(-1) d(-1) and 7.9
   +/- 2.6 x 10(4) cells ml(-1) d(-1) in the Bellingshausen Sea,
   respectively. Furthermore, the rate of lysed cells and PHP showed higher
   sensitivity to temperature than grazing rates by protists. We conclude
   that viruses were more important mortality agents than protists mainly
   in surface waters and that viral activity has a higher sensitivity to
   temperature than grazing rates. This suggests a reduction of the carbon
   transferred through the microbial food-web that could have implications
   in the biogeochemical cycles in a future warmer ocean scenario.}},
Publisher = {{FRONTIERS MEDIA SA}},
Address = {{AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Vaque, D (Corresponding Author), CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
   Vaque, Dolors; Boras, Julia A.; Torrent-Llagostera, Francesc; Lara, Elena; Castillo, Yaiza M.; Sala, Maria M., CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
   Agusti, Susana; Arrieta, Jesus M.; Duarte, Carlos M., King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
   Lara, Elena, CNR, Inst Marine Sci CNR ISMAR, Venice, Italy.}},
DOI = {{10.3389/fmicb.2017.00241}},
Article-Number = {{241}},
ISSN = {{1664-302X}},
Keywords = {{viruses; prokaryotes; protists; lysis; lysogeny; mortality; temperature;
   Antarctic waters}},
Keywords-Plus = {{WESTERN BRANSFIELD STRAIT; PLANKTONIC BACTERIA; CONVERSION FACTORS;
   PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; RATES; BACTERIOPLANKTON;
   PHYTOPLANKTON; RESPIRATION; COMMUNITIES}},
Research-Areas = {{Microbiology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Microbiology}},
Author-Email = {{dolors@icm.csic.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{SALA, Maria Montserrat/O-4726-2014
   Boras, Julia A./AAN-9719-2020
   Agusti, Susana/G-2864-2017
   Arrieta, Jesus M/B-1226-2008
   Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{SALA, Maria Montserrat/0000-0002-3804-5680
   Agusti, Susana/0000-0003-0536-7293
   Arrieta, Jesus M/0000-0002-0190-6950
   Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361
   Boras, Julia A./0000-0002-4195-8405
   Lara, Elena/0000-0002-4625-348X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{ATOS - Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion {[}POL2006-00550/CTM];
   MINECO (FPI grant)}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was supported by the following projects: ATOS
   (POL2006-00550/CTM, P.I.: CD.) funded by the Spanish Ministerio de
   Ciencia e Innovacion, YC work was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship from
   the MINECO (FPI grant).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{54}},
Times-Cited = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
Journal-ISO = {{Front. Microbiol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EL9ZH}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000394978100001}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-12-22}},
}